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On the map [plate 24] we can follow the variations of
temperature still more easily. From the description of
Midden-dorff we ought to have expected, that the Vega, after a traverse
of some days through the Barentz sea in relatively warm water,
would have encountered a broad stripe of cold water 60 or
70 nautic miles from the coast of Novaya Zemlya. Instead
the temperature rose from + 4°.s C to + 9°.s and + 6°.4 during
the voyage along the coast of Novaya Zemlya and Wajgatch
on the 29th and 30th July.
It is quite impossible in this case to ascribe the high
temperatures of this part of the sea to the influence of the
Gulf-stream, as Middendorff is prone to do, because the numbers
registered in the journal on the 29th and 30th July are higher
than the temperature of the western part of the Barentz sea.
Besides, we see from the table, that the saltness of the water
diminishes as its temperature increases. This effect can certainly
not be due to the Gulf-stream.
The most plausible explanation seems to be, that the warm
water at the surface is due to the outflow’ from the Russian
rivers, especially the Petchora, together with the creeks and
rivulets on Novaya Zemlya 1 and Waigatch.
We can gain an idea as to the powerful influence of the
waters from the Petchora upon the surrounding sea from
some observations of the Holland expedition in 1881.
Immediately north of the Timan coast, at 69° 6’ Lat. N.
55° 11’ Long, on the 31th July 1881, the temperature of the
water at the surface was + 6°.o C [spec, weight = 1.0155] and a
little farther to the north, Lat. 69° 23’, Long. 54° 50’ (the
following day), it was found = + 9°.i C [spec, weight = 1.0100].
But the outflow from the Petchora, like that of rivers in
general, does not extend its warming influence to the lower
strata. The Holland expedition found the temperature at the
bottom on the banks outside the mouth of the Petchora2
= + 0°.5 C (depth = 9 m.) and = — 0°.8 C (depth = 29 m.).
We can trace the warming and diluting effect of the
outflow from the Petchora, and adjacent rivers at the coast,
1 The remarkably rapid effect of the summer heat upon the ice and
snow in these places has attracted the attention of several travellers as
Middendorff, Nordenskiold a. O.
2 »De laag warm eii vrij zo;t water was dus zeer dunn en bestond
zeker hoofzakelijk uit water van de Petshora, die hier in de nabijheid in
zee valt.» Verslagen omtrent den vierden Tocht van de ’Willem Barentz
naar de ijszee in den zomer van 1881, page 48.
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