Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - IX. The Yakuts
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horses going in front, and the weaker ones following them,
eating the uncovered grass. The Yakuts, like other Tatar
peoples, are very fond of horse-meat, and from the horses’
milk they prepare the well-known kumiss. The number
of horses they own, however, is diminishing, and only
well-to-do Yakuts as a rule now keep them, the great
majority having cattle instead.[1] The Yakut cattle are
very small and of inferior quality. The cows give very
little milk; a family of ordinary size needs for its subsistence
from 10 to 15 head of cattle, of which 7 to 9 are milch
cows. The great majority of Yakut families, however, have
not so many, and want and famine are very common among
them. As a rule they are deeply in debt to a few wealthy
individuals, mostly of their own people, who keep them
in a state of slavery, and being thus compelled to work
most of their time for them, they are unable during
the short summer to provide for their own wants. Their
principal work consists in gathering hay on the meadows
and marshes.
The usual food of the great majority of Yakuts is the
so-called “tar,” which is a mixture of meat, fish, various
roots, grass, and pine-bark. This is put into skimmed
milk mixed with water, to which is added a little flour, if
such is to be had, and the whole is boiled into a kind of
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