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current of the great rivers of Siberia. But it will soon be
found, that all these kinds of water are not of equal
importance. The peculiar conformation of the Siberian sea seems
to depend upon two main components, viz. the salt water from
the ocean, which on account of its specific gravity sinks to
the bottom and is found, wherever the depth of the sea exceeds
20 or 30 metres, and the fresh or brackish water from the
estuaries of the rivers, which predominates at the surface and
also extends to the bottom of the shallow parts of the sea
along the coast. On the plates of the following paper, where
the curves of equal saltness and temperature are traced, we
will everywhere find layers of little or no saltness superposed
upon, and in contact with real oceanwater, the intermediate
layers either thinning out or vanishing altogether. The 14th
of August 1878, in the northeastern part of the Kara Sea, at
76° 18’ Lat, and 95°30’ Long. E. G., a serial deepsounding was
taken, the density and temperature of the water being
determined for every 5th metre from the surface to the bottom.
The result is shown in the following table:
Deptli in metres Temp: (observed) Specific gravity (obs:) Saltness in %
0 + 0°.9 O 1.0094 l.i
5 + 0.1 1.0120 1.4
10 1.07 1.0182 2.3
15 1.30 1.0239 3.o
20 1.38 1.0249 3.2
25 1.38 1.0259 3.3
30 1.40 1.0262 3.3
35 1.40 1.0264 3.4
40 1.40 1.0269 3.4
45 1.45 1.0265 3.4
50 1.45 1.0270 3.4
55 1.45 1.0268 3.4
GO 1.45 1.0267 3.4
Thus the samples of water collected by the
Vega-expedi-tion present the most striking examples of abrupt changes in
saltness and temperature, proving that the intermingling of
the fresh and salt water had just begun at that distance from
the coast, where the Vega passed.
It is not very probable, that the Siberian sea ever attains
a uniform and homogeneous composition, not even at higher
latitudes. The difference in the temperature of the salt and
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